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Question 1. What Is Personal Protective Equipment?
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It is an equipment used to project the person from hazards such dust, dirt, fumes and sparks etc. It is the barrier between hazard and person.
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The safety audit is the process that identifies un-safe conditions and unsafe acts the plant and recommended safety improvement. Walk through It evaluates the unsafe condition notice able to naked eye during work through the plant. ( Stores, civil work, erection work) Inter mediate-more details study and review of plant design and plant operation. Comprehensive –It evaluates the safety factors in the plant on the base engineering, analysis, testing, measurement.
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- The speed limits displayed along the road should be strictly
- Short cuts and cutting across the corners should be avoid
- No body should try to cross the level crossing when drop gates are closed
- Signal given blocking the road ‘ stop' look, listen and proceed should be followed.
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Safety tag can be defined a surface made of card board or paper board on which English local languages letters written for warning safety instructions to employees.
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- All vehicles requiring security vehicles pass
- All drivers should have valid driving licence
- Drivers should not use fork lift trucks for carrying passengers
- All traffic regulations and speed limit should be strictly followed in side the plant area
- All vehicles area in a road worthy condition
- Vehicles park in the operation area must always unlocked with in ignition key in position.
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There are 5 types inspection ; pressures of boilers( supervisor)
- Continuous inspection – select employees / operator
- Periodical Inspection – material storage, fire fighting equipments, handling equipments
- Intermittent inspection – un announced inspection done by safety officer, safety committee. ( Particular work spot)
- Statutory inspection – storage area, location at height ( cranes, ropes, chains, it my tackles inspection)
- Special inspection – accident investigation
- Inspection of new building, general lighting, use of PPE's etc. construction work.
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- Oxygen cylinders should not be kept near combustible materials.
- Oxygen cylinders should not be handled with grassy hands or gloves.
- Oxygen cylinders and their fittings should not be tested with oil based soap solution.
- Oxygen cylinders and other combustible gas cylinders should not be stored together.
- The top cover of the cylinder should be kept in position and screwed safety when not in use.
- Cylinders should not be used as rollers for moving materials
- Oxygen must not be use for ventilating confined spaces.
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- It is considered as maximum allowable concentration not to be exceeded at any time during 15 minutes continuous expose period.
- It is a maximum on concentration to which works or can be exposed to a period of to15 minutes continuously without suffering from irritation.
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The process of lifting, carrying and stacking materials by men is called manual handing.
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Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide a safe and health working environment to all his improvement to all his employees.
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The permit is required for taking any vehicle are mobile equipments having a diesel equipment having a diesel or petrol operated engine in to hazardous area.
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Earthling means connecting the natural point of the supply system to the general mass of the earth by line.
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- The safety and heath of all employees is one of prime concerned of the company.
- Every company will be require to the policy both in letter and in spirit.
- the company shall comply straightly with act, laws, rules and regulations
- The company shall impart raining in health safety and occupational health to all employees.
- The company will adopt own safety and health standards where laws may not be available.
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Inspection means to fin out hazards according to checklist prepared with reference to the department operations by the people who are familiar with the plant.
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- Improper lifting
- Carrying too heavy loads
- Improper gripping
- Failure to use PPE
- Lifting greasy, oily and irregular objects
- Poor physique
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The process of joining of cutting metals by using oxygen and combustible gas is called gas cutting.
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At the beginning of each day, I inspect the work site to make sure that it is hazard-free. Once the work site is secured, I verify that all tools and equipment are adequate in supply. As soon as the work orders are delivered, I provide workers with security guidelines and carry out drills.
During the workday, it is my duty to monitor workers to ensure that they are working according to the enforced safety policies and that any problems or accidents are quickly addressed.
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- Cutting fingers due to sharp edges
- Burns due to handing of hot articles
- Foot injuries due to dropped articles
- Slipped disc due to improper posture in lifting on object
- Strains to wrist or fingers
- Sprains, wounds hernias, fractures
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Fork lift truck are designed to handle heavy loads.
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I have worked extensively with management teams to develop new safety policies, augment existing ones and handle draft construction related specifications. I have written safety proposals and conducted safety programs as well.
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It is an unexpected or unplanned event which may or may not result in injury or damage or property loss or death.
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Work permit system is a “ written documents” for permission to undertake a job by area in charge or it is written document issued by the area in charge to the performer to under take the specific job.
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- Remove all combustion material from the place of welding
- Clear the work area and cover wooden floor with fire proof mats. ( Welding mechanic should be kept with in the visibility of the welders.
- Erect fire resistance screen around the work
- All welding cables should be fully insulted
- All welding mics shall be double earthed
- Welding area should be dry and free from water
- Keep the fire extinguisher / sand really
- Use leather hand gloves, goggles and helmets
- Switch off the power when welding is stopped
- Do not allow the helper to do welding
- Do not shift he welding cable unless the electric power is switched off.
- Do not allow the helper to carry the welding. Terminal of the welding cables should be provided 3-cable with lugs and kept tight.
- Oxygen hose in black and Acetylene hose in red in color as per standard
- NRV of the blow torches should be maintained properly avoid back fire
- Welders should be trained properly
- Cylinders should be stored in a cold dry place away bottom heat and direct sunlight.
- Proper house keeping, good ventilation in the working area
- Smoking should be avoided from welding area
- Hose connection should be proper made
- Barricade the work area and put a sign board
- Rolling of cylinders should be avoided
- Flash back arrestor should be attached in each cylinders
- Any leakage of cylinder should be kept separately
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- Due to wrong way using of tools.
- Due to defective condition of tools
- Due to failure of using right tools for right job
- Due to wrong way of carrying tools
- Due to strong of tools un safety
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- Only authorized persons should used compressed air.
- The body or clothes should not be cleaned with compressed air.
- Compressed air hose pipes should not be placed across passage ways
- Leakage of compressed air should not be tested with hands.
- While working with tools run by compressed air safety shoes are to be used.
- The tools should not be kept on position when not in use.
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- Excavation area should be suitable barricade
- Put sign boards lights and flags
- Avoid heavy vehicle coming near the sides
- PPE like helmet, safety shoes should be used
- Keep the excavated soil at least 5 feet distance
- Excavated sides should be sloped bake to a safe angle
- Hand excavation should be done at the present of UG pipes or cables place
- Cutting shall be done from top to bottom
- All narrow trenches 4 feet or more deep shall be supplied at least one ladder
- While excavating on the slope on the slope whose height is over 10 feet men should use safety belts.
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Safety management is an act and science of setting safety objectives of the industrial company.
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The chemical hazards are control by engineering method, administrative method and PPE.
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In probability of the realization of potential for loss or damage or injury.
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House keeping means not only cleanness but also orderly arrangement of operations, tools, equipment storage facilities and suppliers.
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Any work above 2 meters from ground is caused work at height.
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- the truck should be inspected
- The axles should be greased well
- Safety shoes should be work by the operators.
- The load should be balanced and the weight of the load should not fall on the axle
- The hard cart should not be wider than the width of the hand truck.
- The hard cart should be pushed and not pulled
- The truck should not be placed on path ways.
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Delegated work permit used for areas requiring light control.
Ex : Fabrication, yards – valid – 30 days
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Health, safety, welfare, hours of work, employment, person, occupational disease, special provision and penalties and procedures.
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- Barricade the area
- Remove all un-necessary persons away from site
- Check radiation level with dosimeter
- Use lead shields
- Put a sign board
- Risk tissue damaged
- Use special filter glass
- Use lead coated aprons
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Entry of harmful materials through mouth is called ingestion
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The process of inhaling fresh hair and exhaling, to entering a confined place is called respiration.
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We can plan and execute the work easily and safely. It also helps to know the Codes and Standards used for each activity.
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Any work which involves spark flame, temperature is called HWP.
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Industrial hygiene is defined as the art and science of the presentation and improvement of the health and comfort of workers.
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- Mandatory
- Information
- Fire or explosion
- Caution
- Wiring
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It is legal requirements in case of emergency in violin vehicles carrying hazards substance.
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Firs aid is temporary and immediate care given to the victim of an accident.
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- There are two types of work permit
- Cold work permit
- Hot work permit
- The hot work permit further classified into 3 types
- Normal hot work permit
- Blanket hot work permit
- Delegate hot work permit
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Accident prevention may be defined as an integrated program and directed to control un safe mechanical or physical condition.
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- Mechanical hazards - in adequately guarded machines parts
- Chemical hazards - of toxemic gasses, vapours, fumes, smoke in dust.
- Electrical hazards : in adequately insulated line wires
- Fire hazards – chemical reaction, electrical Arcs
- Radiation hazards – dazzing light in fraved rays ultra violet rays
- Pollution - water pollution & noise pollution
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- Adequate first aid equipment should be kept ready
- Adequate fire fighting equipment should be available
- All general electrical rules should be followed
- suitable lighting arrangements should be necessary at night work
- Work men at height should be wear safety belts
- Work men handling cement should be provided with goggles, rubber gloves and rubber boots by nose mask.
- The moving parts of grinding machines used construction site should be covered with guards
- The moving parts of grinding machines used construction site should be covered with guards
- Excavated material should not kept near the excavated
- Very short duration of work red flags must be hoisted and more duration red banners must be stretched
- Defective tools should not be used
- The worker should not carry tools in his hands when climbing a ladder
- Excavation should be guarded by suitable fencing
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Grinder is a portable machine with a wheel guard in position to reduced the danger.
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The process of joining of metals either by electrical or by gas is called welding.
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It is an event which represents deviation from the intended sequence of designed steps.
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Apart from enforcing key safety standards, it is important to monitor manpower, conduct regular site inspections, record all violations and conduct safety trainings.
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Up wanted sound which causes irritation to the ears caused by mechanical movement.
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Safety surveys are made to have detailed observations of all types of unsafe physical and environment conditions as well as unsafe practices committed the health and comfort or workers.
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- Report unsafe condition to supervisor
- Do not operate the machine without knowing the operation
- Before starting the machine, whether the machine is in condition not
- Use correct tools
- Follow the safety rules
- Always do not horse play
- Do not lift over load
- Do not chit on at with others
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Safety management is an art and science of setting safety objectives of the Industrial company and related activities of planning, administration, Improving, Various functions to achieve the safety objectives.
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- Only authorized and competent person should operated cranes
- The correct sling must be used for the load to be lifts
- Lifting equipment must be certified from competent authority and mark with its SWL
- Never be used for loads excess of its SWL
- Cables and slings must be padded when passing over sharp edges of equipments
- Check the condition of the ground before parking the crane and use out riggers
- All moving parts must be guarded
- Uncertified chains, ropes, slings and hooks should not be use
- All slings to be inspected by third party inspectors
- Never stand or work under a suspended load
- Place the out riggers on firms ground
- Guide ropes shall be used to control swing of lifted material
- Never operate the crane at the time of speed wing
- Lifting over live equipment should not be encouraged
- The crane should under go periodical maintenance as per manufactures
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- Wooden board not be painted
- Wooden board should not to any cracks
- Check for rust in pipes / clamps
- Clamps should fixed and good quality
- Boards thickness should be 3.4 cms and no bending
- The construction must be rigid, properly based
- Use of good and sound materials
- The wooden bellies has not joints
- Vertical poles should not be more than 6 feet
- Chains, ropes used for the suspension of scaffoldings
- Never throw any materials from height
- Use safety harness while working at above 6 feet
- Properly ties to be arrangement
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Prepare tool box talk Prepare monthly statistics Prepare the checklist Accident reports Management meetings Arrange the safety classes/training Arrange monthly safety bulletin Inspection of fire extinguisher Arrange first aid training classes Arrange safety competitions like quiz, slogan, poster competitions exhibition etc.
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The maximum proportion of vapour, gasses and dust in air above which proposal the flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition is called UEL.
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Marking a hole or tunnel by digging the ground by man or machine is called excavation.
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